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Contextualization: the ‘dynamic and comprehensive process by which the gospel is incarnated within a concrete historical or cultural situation. Context is defined by ‘a variety of boundaries: regionality, nationality, culture, language, ethnicity, social and economic status, political structures, education, gender, age, religious or theological tradition, worldview or values’ (the “life world” of the audience).


The example of Jesus is foundational: as a male Palestinian Jew, in a specific time and place, he immersed himself in Jewish culture, spoke Aramaic with a Galilean accent, had distinctive physical and personality features. He became one with the weak, through ‘self-emptying’ on behalf of those he came to serve (Phil 2.6-8), and lived outside the mainstream of religious, administrative and economic power. He ‘communicated to people not in theological abstractions, but through familiar, concrete forms – miracles, illustrations from common life, proverbs and stories, .. he used the earthy images of everyday rural life. Fishing and farming, weeds and wineskins, soil and salt became the “stuff” of his theological activity. From the beginning, the gospel was voiced in local, culturally conditioned forms’ (20f). Yet as an ‘insider’ he never gave up his ‘outsider’ status that ‘challenged people to see their world from an entirely new perspective’. This tension between ‘at-homeness’ and prophetic transformation is the ‘consistent pattern of biblical contextualization’